The military planners considered a number of proposals. The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) had been reinforced by large numbers of troops returned from the Sinai and Palestine campaign and from the Italian front, and by replacements previously held back in Britain by Prime Minister David Lloyd George. : 472 Pershing was keen to use his army as an independent force. Pershing had arrived in France in large numbers and had invigorated the Allied armies with its extensive resources. The American Expeditionary Force (AEF) under United States General John J. For this victory, Foch was granted the title Marshal of France.Īfter the Germans had lost their forward momentum, Foch considered the time had arrived for the Allies to return to the offensive. The Germans, recognizing their untenable position, withdrew from the Marne to the north. When the German Operation Marne-Rheims ended in July, the Allied supreme commander, Ferdinand Foch, ordered a counter-offensive, which became known as the Second Battle of the Marne. The Germans had advanced to the River Marne, but failed to achieve their aim of a victory that would decide the war. The German spring offensive of the German Army on the Western Front had begun on 21 March 1918 with Operation Michael and had petered out by July. The term "Hundred Days Offensive" does not refer to a battle or strategy, but rather the rapid series of Allied victories against which the German Army had no reply. The offensive, together with a revolution breaking out in Germany, led to the Armistice of 11 November 1918 which ended the war with an Allied victory. The Germans retreated to the Hindenburg Line, but the Allies broke through the line with a series of victories, starting with the Battle of St Quentin Canal on 29 September. Beginning with the Battle of Amiens (8–12 August) on the Western Front, the Allies pushed the Central Powers back, undoing their gains from the German spring offensive. The Hundred Days Offensive (8 August to 11 November 1918) was a series of massive Allied offensives which ended the First World War.
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